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Defying Convention from all Angles
The Chrysler PT Cruiser
adds a new dimension to the Chrysler brand around the world by breaking the
barriers of conventional automotive design and function.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
dramatically changes the profile of the Chrysler brand by expanding the breadth
of its product line and the presence of the brand around the world," said
Robert J. Eaton, Chairman, DaimlerChrysler.
The Chrysler brand offers
customers a combination of innovative vehicles that blend expressive design,
relevant technology and premium features. The all-new Chrysler PT Cruiser complements
the Chrysler brand vehicle line, while providing the potential to broaden the
buyer base.
"The Chrysler PT Cruiser
is an exceptional addition to the Chrysler brand, " said Martin R. Levine,
Vice President, Chrysler/Plymouth/Jeep® Division - DaimlerChrysler Corporation.
"Because of its distinct design and functionality, it will have universal
appeal without regard to traditional demographics. Chrysler PT Cruiser appeals
to the emotions of buyers and meets their active lifestyles."
Based on preliminary consumer
research, the emotional appeal of the Chrysler PT Cruiser will have a similar
effect on brand identity as do the Prowler for Plymouth and Viper for Dodge.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
will give the Chrysler brand a signature concept-to-reality production vehicle
like no other in the world," added Levine. "This vehicle is expected
to have a huge presence in the marketplace so we will start fostering our relationship
with potential Chrysler PT Cruiser customers from the moment
of its public debut at the auto show."
Universal Appeal
While Chrysler PT Cruiser
was developed to meet vehicle requirements around the world and its combination
of design and packaging is certain to appeal to people in every country.
"With a personality
unlike anything on the road today, Chrysler PT Cruiser will be unique in any
environment around the world while transcending cultural difference," said
Jim Holden, Executive Vice President, Sales & Marketing for North America
- DaimlerChrysler. "It will build on the momentum we created with the overseas
introduction of the Chrysler 300M."
Internationally, Chrysler
PT Cruiser will reflect the individualism of consumers who are looking for a
vehicle that is efficient for their daily transportation, while offering flexibility
for their weekend and holiday travel requirements. This vehicle is for consumers
who want to make a statement about their lifestyle and are not afraid to get
noticed.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
will strengthen the balance of our product offerings that is critical to sustaining
our growth rate and meeting consumer demands of the world market," said
Holden. Chrysler PT Cruiser will be sold in more than 40 markets around the
world.
DESIGN OVERVIEW
PRODUCT
Exterior Design
One of the goals met by
the PT Cruiser was to provide a vehicle that would keep the overall exterior
length of a small car to address global market needs - another Chrysler group
maxim - yet provide the space and function of a larger vehicle.
We kept the overall exterior
length of a small car, yet provided the inside space of a much larger vehicle
by paying close attention to packaging, and providing a command-of-the-road
feel for the driver," said Larry Lyons, Vice President, Small Car Platform
Engineering.
"Once we settled on
an initial design, there were folks that absolutely loved PT Cruiser when they
saw it," said Bryan Nesbitt, Chrysler PT Cruiser exterior designer. "There
were others that didn’t like it all but, after taking some time to soak it in,
fell for it as well."
"The exterior is such
a significant departure from anything on the market," said Dan Knott, Director,
Vehicle Development, Small Car Platform Engineering. "Because the design
is so unique, we used CATIA and VR from the beginning to yield higher quality
vehicles right from the start. For example, packaging issues were much easier
to resolve on screen prior to building actual parts."
The large fenders provide
one of the key nostalgic elements of the vehicle, bringing back positive memories
of classic designs from the 1930s and 1940s. This is further emphasised through
the flared sills, evocative of running boards seen on cars from that era.
"The PT Cruiser means
a variety of things to everyone who sees it, whether it’s a certain era, image
or need," Nesbitt said. "You can’t avoid its retro-yet-still-contemporary
cues. But, with that, there is a feeling of durability and toughness with a
stance that resembles a bulldog."
The design imperative "form
follows function" establishes a new standard, combining emotional and reactional
consumer needs. The unique proportions of the fenders, roofline and high beltline
accented by three side windows create the distinctive side profile of PT Cruiser.
The roof rises toward the
rear for both aesthetic and functional reasons. The slant of the roofline gives
the vehicle its "hot rod" posture, or attitude. The practical benefit
result of this design is more head room for rear passengers as well as increased
cargo space. The proportions of body-side sheet metal and side glass communicate
a visual strength and lower overall appearance. The blacked out B- and C-pillars
blend with the window graphics enhancing the visual proportion of the vehicle.
"The vehicle stance
suggests both confidence and durability," said Nesbitt. "However,
there is a level of refinement through the Chrysler brand design signature of
ornamentation such as chrome door handles, winged badges and chrome wheels.
The PT Cruiser reveals inspired refinement."
The body is inset from the
wheels and fenders, giving the PT Cruiser a "wheels to the corner"
stance and proportion. This enhances stability and encourages superb handling
characteristics. The front fenders are wrapped tightly around the wheels and
draw away from the hood, causing the wheels to appear larger, while the fenders
appear lower and wider. The head lamps were designed as close to the front wheels
as possible, making the vehicle appear smaller by reducing the front overhang.
The headlamp design and pronounced grille give the vehicle a face of reliance
and strength.
In the rear, PT Cruiser
has an aggressive slant to its hatchback profile, giving the entire vehicle
a look of forward motion and direction. Bullet-shaped tail lamps complete the
reflection of unbridled American design, past and present. The Chrysler winged
medallion is featured prominently on the front, and is also incorporated into
the rear door latch as a final exclamation to the unconventional soul of the
Chrysler brand.
"PT Cruiser has a distinct
personality that envelops a variety of eras," said Tom Gale, Executive
Vice President Product Strategy, Design and Passenger Car Operations - DaimlerChrysler
Corporation. "I may see one era, someone may see something else, but one
thing is certain - everyone who sees it has an extremely emotional response
to PT Cruiser.
Interior Design
"It’s the exterior
of the Chrysler PT Cruiser that gets the obvious first notice and gawks on the
road," said Lyons. "However, the element that closes the deal in the
minds of those who see it is the incredible functionality that comes from its
innovative interior".
The seating, for example,
can quickly transform the PT Cruiser from a one-passenger to a five-passenger
vehicle in a matter of moments with foldable, removable rear seats. In all,
more that 25 configurations of the seats are possible, making PT Cruiser truly
a "personalised transport" vehicle.
In addition, the attention
to detail is apparent. "We have applied a circular theme to the interior
that allows it to be elegant in its simplicity," said Jeffrey Godshall,
Chief Interior Designer. PT Cruiser features easy-to-read round analog gauges
with chrome instrument panel and dashboard material that matches the vehicle’s
exterior colour.
"Inside and out, you
can’t escape the uniqueness of the PT Cruiser," Godshall said. "It
is a vehicle with purpose, practicality and unmatched style. Most importantly,
you’re only limited by your imagination."
Chrysler PT Cruiser:
A Winning Combination of
Design and Function
The all-new Chrysler PT
Cruiser blends a nostalgic, yet contemporary design with function and technology
to create a segment-busting vehicle.
Building on themes illustrated
by the two-door Pronto Cruizer and the four-door Chrysler Pronto Cruizer AWD,
the Chrysler PT Cruiser is yet another concept-to-reality story for DaimlerChrysler.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser embodies a design that evokes emotion in people all
round the world," said Gale. "The distinct personality of the PT Cruiser
is unmatched by any vehicle on the road."
From the Outside
The Chrysler PT Cruiser’s
presence on the road and new level of interior flexibility were created by the
design philosophy: Form follows function. "Using our own ‘form follows
function’ design imperative, PT Cruiser establishes a new standard for combining
design and function in one vehicle," said Gale. "It’s this combination
that appeals to both the emotional and rational needs of consumers."
The distinctive side profile
of PT Cruiser is created by the unique proportions of the roof line and high
belt line that is accented by three side windows. Its exaggerated, separate
fender forms are connected by simulated flared side sills that evoke strong
heritage but with contemporary forms and materials.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
borrows design cues from classic American automobiles and interprets them with
a healthy dose of American fun and freedom," said Bryan Nesbitt, Chrysler
PT Cruiser exterior designer.
The PT Cruiser’s front and
rear bumpers provide a sturdy, protective feeling. From the front, a pronounced
grille and flush-mounted ellipse headlamps are carried forward from the Pronto
Cruizer concept car, resulting in one of the most unique ‘faces’ for any higher-volume
production car. The high belt line from the side continues around to the rear,
using equal proportions of glass and metal on the liftgate. At the rear, Chrysler
PT Cruiser’s uniquely shaped tail lamps capture the nostalgic spirit of the
bullet-shaped tail lamps seen through the 1940s. The flared fenders and the
inset body give the Chrysler PT Cruiser a confident, sure-footed stance from
any angle. The recently introduced Chrysler winged medallion is featured prominently
on the front and rear of the vehicle to highlight the brand’s heritage.
From the Inside
"The interior of Chrysler
PT Cruiser blends innovative features and packaging to create a vehicle that
has one of the most sophisticated and flexible vehicle designs, regardless of
size," said Jeff Godshall, Chrysler PT Cruiser interior designer. Overall
vehicle height combined with unique front and rear seat configurations give
Chrysler PT Cruiser the capability to carry five people as a passenger car,
or just the driver with the cargo capacity of a light truck. The 63/35 split
folding rear seat can be folded forward in two positions or removed completely
to reveal a flat load floor. For added efficiency, an available front passenger
seat can be folded completely forward for use as a table top for the driver,
or to provide enough space to load an eight-foot (2.46 metre) ladder from the
rear of the vehicle.
With the rear seat in the
upright position, PT Cruiser has a rear storage compartment with a multi-position
shelf panel that can be placed in any one of five positions, or removed entirely.
One position converts it into a tabletop for other uses, such as tailgate picnics.
Staying true to the design
philosophy of form follows function, the versatility of the interior defines
how the vehicle would work, yet the unique exterior design is continued inside
the Chrysler PT Cruiser.
"The aesthetics of
Chrysler PT Cruiser’s interior fulfills the promise of its exterior design,
while adding a new level of function for people with active lifestyles,"
sad Godshall.
The symmetrical, browless
instrument panel creates an immediate synergy with the PT Cruiser’s exterior
by incorporating colour panels that coordinate with the exterior body colour.
The simplicity of the bright-ringed circular gauges recessed into the instrument
panel reflects the heritage of precision craftsmanship. Chrysler PT Cruiser’s
steering wheel, with its small circular centre hub and spokes, give the vehicle
a more open, air appearance. The two-toned spacious interior is enhanced by
the Light Neutral and Dark Taupe colours. The finishing touches of chrome door
handles and name badges are used both on the interior and exterior of the vehicle.
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Chrysler PT Cruiser:
A Segment Buster with a
Unique Combination of Innovative Design and Packaging
DaimlerChrysler once again
moves to the forefront of design and engineering with the introduction of the
Chrysler PT Cruiser - a combination of design and packaging that is unique in
the world today.
"The all-new Chrysler
PT Cruiser stands alone in the world market because it combines versatility
and efficiency, wrapped in a distinctly American design," said Robert J.
Eaton, Chairman, DaimlerChrysler. "Chrysler PT Cruiser is our interpretation
of a vehicle that blends many characteristics to create an all-new segment in
America which could easily be called a flexible activity vehicle, but it’s really
too cool to categorise."
DaimlerChrysler has a long
history of creating major new vehicle segments, most notably with the minivan
in 1984. Unlike anything else on the market, the minivan anticipated the needs
of consumers and gave them answers before the questions were asked. Chrysler
expanded this booming segment eight years later by adding a higher level of
luxury with the Town & Country minivan - still the benchmark among luxury
minivans. Among convertible lines, the Chrysler Sebring Convertible redefined
the market by offering the open-top fun and excitement of a convertible as well
as the year-round practicality of a primary car, including a full-size back
seat and trunk.
"At DaimlerChrysler
we will continue to be a leading force in changing the dynamics of the automotive
industry," said Eaton. "Whether it be through new business practices,
engineering processes or design innovation, we will challenge ourselves every
day to create new products that stand out in the marketplace."
Breaking the Mould
It is the spirit of taking
on and succeeding at new challenges that led DaimlerChrysler’s Small Car Platform
Team in Auburn Hills, Michigan to create the Chrysler PT Cruiser for both the
North American and international markets. Similar to other segment-busting vehicles,
Chrysler PT Cruiser anticipates the needs of owners by understanding emerging
trends in the ways people use their vehicles. The prefix "PT", meaning
"personal transportation," reflects PT Cruiser’s flexibility and versatility
for each individual owner.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
melds DaimlerChrysler’s signature American design with an innovative interior
package to meet consumer needs on a global basis," said Tom Gale, Executive
Vice President Product Strategy, Design and Passenger Car Operations - DaimlerChrysler
Corporation. "This combination breaks the mould of the traditional small
car to create a truly flexible activity vehicle."
"The overall vehicle
architecture was explored through the Pronto and Pronto Cruizer concept vehicles,
which gave us considerable consumer feedback," added Gale. At 168.8 inches
(4288.55mm), the overall exterior length of the PT Cruiser is 5.3 inches (134.6mm)
shorter than the Ford Focus, yet its EPA interior volume of 119.8 cubic feet
(3.39 cu. Metres) rivals that of a full-size sedan.
"We kept the overall
exterior length of a small car to address global market needs, yet provided
the inside space and functionality of a much larger vehicle by paying close
attention to vehicle packaging and providing command of the road seating,"
said Tom Sidlik, Executive Vice President & General Manager, Small Car Operations
- DaimlerChrysler Corporation.
Engineered with Advanced
Technologies
While its design blends
contemporary and nostalgic cues, Chrysler PT Cruiser was engineered with highly
advanced technologies including the most intensive use yet of Computer-Aided
Three Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA), Digital Modelling Assembly
(DMA) and Virtual Reality.
CATIA links all major disciplines
in the development of the vehicle, including suppliers, from the earliest stages
of the program, to allow all areas of the program to keep abreast of the latest
updates. Building on the experience of other platform teams, the PT Cruiser
team relied on CATIA to bring together design, engineering and manufacturing,
resulting in increased efficiencies and higher quality throughout these disciplines.
One benefit of CATIA is to reach an optimal design of a part in a shorter amount
of time, leaving more time for validation and testing.
In addition to CATIA, engineers
extensively used DMA and Virtual Reality as design and analysis tools. DMA allows
engineers to assemble components with three-dimensional computer analysis prior
to building a physical prototype to ensure the proper fit. Through Virtual Reality,
engineers experienced the PT Cruiser from the perspective of the occupants,
allowing them to optimise the interior package and related ergonomics.
"The exterior design
is a significant departure from anything on the market," said Chris Theodore,
Senior Vice President Platform Engineering - DaimlerChrysler Corporation. "Because
the design is so different we used CATIA and Virtual Reality from the very beginning
of the development process to yield much high quality vehicles right from the
start."
For the Australian market,
the PT Cruiser will be powered by a 2.0-litre DOHC 16 valve engine with the
option of either five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmissions.
Both left and right-hand-drive
versions of PT Cruiser will be produced at DaimlerChrysler’s Toluca Assembly
Plant in Mexico, with sales to begin in early 2000.
Ride & Handling
The five-speed manual transmission
has ratios spaced to deliver optimum performance and fuel efficiency. The reverse
gear includes a brake that stops the gear rotation for easy engagement. To improve
durability with higher torque output, the five-speed manual transmission was
upgraded with a stiffer input shaft, wider gear faces and improved bearings.
The optional four-speed
automatic features wide-spaced gear ratios that contribute to brisk acceleration
and smooth highway cruising, along with high fuel efficiency. The transmission
uses new final drive gearing to optimise performance and efficiency. Features
of this system include electronic, fully adaptive shifting, improved torque
management for quick shifts and interactive speed control and engine and transmission
controllers that provide control in hilly terrain.
To make cruising even more
enjoyable, the PT Cruiser’s suspension mounting, body structure stiffness and
suspension calibrations are tuned to minimise noise, vibration and harshness,
and body lean. The MacPherson strut front suspension features a high-roll centre
that contributes to responsive steering while reducing body lean during brisk
cornering. Low-lean geometry achieves the desired suspension handling performance.
A stiff front suspension cross member attaches the front suspension to the body
structure and supports the steering gear.
"Stiffness, which results
in a high natural vibration frequency, helps limit the transmission of road
noise and engine vibration to the interior," said Dan Knott, director,
Vehicle Development Small Car Platform Engineering.
Also contributing to the
solid ride and handling characteristics is the rigid support of the PT Cruiser’s
body structure.
"The PT Cruiser’s body
serves a number of purposes for us," said Ernie Laginess, Director, Body
Engineering, Small Car Platform Engineering. "First, the high-strength
steel assures durability and rigidity for a stable ride and handling. The durability
provides a safety element. And, the bending and torsional characteristics allow
us to meet our aggressive performance criteria for noise, vibration and harshness
control."
Body structure bending and
natural torsional frequencies or vibrations are separated from steering column,
powertrain and suspension input frequencies to enhance strength and soundness.
The transmission of natural noise and vibration are reduced at each one of the
47 points between the body and these systems. Tuning each local area individually
to separate its natural frequency from the input largely eliminates noise and
vibration paths to the passenger compartment.
The tightly sealed body
shell lowers wind and road noise as well, resulting in quiet ride through all
driving ranges. This is achieved through precise dimensional control of door
and liftgate openings and their sealing systems and through attention to detail
on sealing body seams and other openings.
"The handling and stability
of the PT Cruiser is very impressive to begin with," Laginess said. "But,
having a quiet ride makes cruising in the PT Cruiser an added bonus."
Versatility
Research conducted during
the early stages of the PT Cruiser program confirmed that a large, flexible
interior was important to consumers. A newly designed Watts linkage rear suspension
system permitted the interior wheel wells to be moved outward, greatly increasing
cargo space and functionality.
"The PT Cruiser’s interior
aesthetics fulfill the promise of its exterior design, while adding a new level
of function for people with active lifestyles," Godshall said.
"The PT Cruiser blends
innovative features and packaging to create a vehicle that has one of the most
sophisticated and flexible interior designs regardless of size," Godshall
said.
PT Cruiser’s ability to
carry everything from five passengers to kitchen appliances - or the proverbial
kitchen sink - stems from its versatile seating system. This flexibility is
the result of a seating system that can be configured into more than 25 positions
to accommodate practically any combination of passengers and cargo.
The Chrysler PT Cruiser
is one of the most functional vehicles of its size or type for carrying a mix
of passengers and cargo. Folding, tumbling and removing either or both portions
of the rear seat and folding the front passenger seat provide numerous configurations.
That’s what sets the PT
Cruiser apart from the crowd: a cool, emotion-inducing exterior with a practical
interior of unprecedented proportions."
A multi-position, removable
shelf panel that can be placed at the same height as the folded rear seat backs
provides an extended load-carrying surface. A front passenger seat that folds
flat at the same height as the folded rear seat backs gives the PT Cruiser the
ability to carry objects up to eight-feet long with the liftgate closed.
The team even carried their
thinking outside the vehicle, equipping the removable split rear seats with
sturdy lift handles and rollers for easier removal and storage. The result is
one of the most versatile vehicle interiors in the world today.
Limousine-like head room
and leg room, along with exceptional shoulder room, allow occupants the luxury
of comfort while providing an outstanding command-of-the-road seating position.
Placement of the instrument panel, steering wheel, pedals and seats gives the
PT Cruiser one of the best ingress/egress of any vehicle on the market. This
allows most occupants to slide directly into the seats without stepping up or
bending down.
Using virtual reality technology,
engineers were able to place roof pillars to maximise outward visibility and
spaciousness. In addition, this technology was used to achieve the optimum ergonomics
for the instrument panel-mounted controls, the shifter, armrests, power window
controls, the door release lever and door-mounted switches.
The front bucket seats are
manually adjustable, reclining with a two-way adjustable, locking head restraint
standard on all models. The front passenger seat folds flat, extending the cargo
loading area all the way forward to the instrument panel. When folded, the front
seat back is the same height as the folded rear seats, providing a level loading
floor from front to rear.
PT Cruiser’s spacious rear
seats easily accommodate occupants who are well over six-feet tall. Among DaimlerChrysler
vehicles, rear seat head room is only exceeded by the Company’s minivan models.
"Years from now, when
people talk about this vehicle, there is no doubt the exterior will be listed
as the attention grabber, "Edson said. "But, through some outstanding
innovation and teamwork, PT Cruiser also has one of the most innovative and
versatile interiors of any vehicle imaginable with a spectrum of functions offering
anything from the comfort and safety of five-passenger seating to the utility
of a small cargo van or truck."
Safety & Environment
However, one of PT Cruiser’s
main attributes is its ability to combine these classic cues with a very high
level of modern-day safety and environmental responsibility.
While the Chrysler PT Cruiser
is already drawing rave reviews for its cool design and unmatched interior versatility,
company engineers paid close attention to occupant safety, both in active and
passive areas.
In any vehicle, the primary
safety system is a properly used safety belt. The PT Cruiser is the first DaimlerChrysler
vehicle with a three-point centre rear belt system. The retractor is concealed
in the seat back and the webbing exits through a slot at the top of the back.
The latch that holds the
seat back in the upright position also supports the shoulder belt loads. Tie-down
loops for child seat tethers mount on the seat back behind each seating position.
A next-generation driver
air bag works with the steering column, telescoping column coupling and instrument
panel knee bolster to provide supplemental restraint in frontal impacts. New
technology and unique frontal impact design allows the driver air bag to mount
beneath the small, circular steering wheel trim cover and to be more compact.
The next-generation passenger
air bag includes a hybrid inflator that uses a small amount of pyrotechnic propellant
to release and heat compressed inert gas stored in a high-pressure cylinder.
Supplemental side air bags are included with optional leather-trimmed seats,
but otherwise are a stand-alone option.
A fully deployed side air
bag covers an area about 15 x 26 inches (380 x 660mm). When the bag deploys,
it opens the seam between the front and side of the seat trim cover.
The PT Cruiser body structure
also provides a high level of impact protection. For example, a unique transverse
beam connects the centre pillars and ties into the floor plan at the centre
tunnel. The beam contributes to side-impact protection and increases body stiffness.
Placed directly in line with side impact loads, it helps protect occupants during
side-impact collision. A longitudinal beam in each front door helps distribute
crash energy to the centre pillar, where a die-cast zinc alloy extension attached
to the centre pillar accepts the load.
The PT Cruiser structure
also is reinforced from front to back - in the doors, along the floor pan "tunnel",
in the sills and in the windshield pillars - to help dissipate the energy generated
in a
frontal crash. Chrysler
engineers also reinforced the front wheel wells so more of the force from a
frontal crash is routed through the tyres to the sills - and less targets the
passenger compartment.
In addition, the PT Cruiser
features refinements of the welded joints securing the centre pillars, sills
and roof rails to increase stiffness and decrease twisting under impact. Its
8km/h bumper uses high-strength steel beams and high-density structural foam
to protect against visible damage in low-speed collisions.
The PT Cruiser has been
engineered and tested to stringent durability standards and meets or exceeds
US, European and Australian frontal, side, rear and offset crash regulations
as well as roof crush criteria.
Other key safety features
on the Chrysler PT Cruiser include:
- A
clever feature to prevent children from being trapped in the rear compartment.The
forward corners of the shelf panel atop the rear compartment are notched so
little hands can
reach the buttons that recline the rear seat
- A
higher seating position that improves the driver’s view of the road.
- Best-in-class
lighting from quad halogen-bulb headlamps.
- Optional
heated exterior mirrors.
- Shoulder
belts in every seating position, including the rear centre seat.
- Optional
seat-mounted side air bags for supplemental head and thorax protection, along
with standard
front air bags in the driver and front passenger positions.
- Universal
anchor attachments and cinching latch plates to better secure child seats.
- A
seat belt system equipped with pre-tensioners and constant force retractors
that hold occ pants
securely while limiting the force the belt applies to the upper body.
- An
Accident Response Illumination system which turns on the interior dome lamp
and unlocks power
doors when the air bag deploys to help emergency personnel render assistance.
- DaimlerChrysler’s
Sentry Key Theft Deterrent system, which includes remote keyless entry and
a panic alarm.
- Child-proof
locks on the backseat doors.
MARKETING
The PT "Personal Transportation"
Cruiser is yet another breakthrough vehicle for the Chrysler brand. It combines
the romance of American automotive heritage with tremendous versatility to satisfy
both the emotional and practical needs of any consumer. It is heralded as a
true segment buster that defies easy or immediate categorisation.
"PT Cruiser can be
whatever the individual owner wants it to be," said Tom Gale, Executive
Vice President, DaimlerChrysler Product Strategy and Design & General Manager,
Passenger Car Operations. "It fits any lifestyle: Some may see it as a
tribute to the classic era, some as a street rod, others as a multi-faceted
and functional light truck in a class of its own. There’s really nothing like
it on the road today.
That combination of images
and eras makes the PT Cruiser appealing to a wide range of consumers, with each
putting emphasis on a different attribute.
Is the Chrysler PT Cruiser
supposed to be a hot rod? Is it supposed to be a car? Is it a people mover?
Is it retro? Is it futuristic?
"Everyone sees a different
era in the PT Cruiser’s design, and that’s exactly how it should be," said
Larry Lyons, Vice president, Small Car Platform Engineering. "PT Cruiser
is too versatile to be locked into one segment or one vehicle style."
That’s what sets the PT
Cruiser apart from the crowd: a cool, emotion-inducing exterior with a practical
interior of unprecedented proportions."
The segment-defining 2001
Chrysler PT Cruiser has forever changed the landscape of the automotive market.
It has also changed the way people view the Chrysler brand, creating an image
as important as the vehicle itself.
"Chrysler PT Cruiser
dramatically changes the Chrysler brand profile and the way people think of
the brand," said A. C. (Bud) Liebler, Senior Vice President of Marketing,
DaimlerChrysler. "This vehicle provides tangible evidence that the Chrysler
brand has become more contemporary, with a portfolio of innovative products
that matches the lifestyles of our customers."
The PT Cruiser transcends
traditional automotive expectations by creating a new segment with no direct
competitors. Chrysler PT Cruiser’s combination of size and versatility will
draw attention from various segments of the market including small cars, mid-size
cars and small sport-utility vehicles.
The overall exterior length
of the PT Cruiser is equal to the size of a small car to provide nimble city
handling, yet its interior volume rivals that of a full size sedan.
Even before the all-new
Chrysler PT Cruiser hits the markets, its emotional appeal has created unprecedented
interest around the world.
Target Market
The overall size and versatility
of the PT Cruiser expands the depth and breadth of the Chrysler brand, giving
us a vehicle with universal appeal," said Martin R. Levine, Vice President,
Chrysler/Jeep Division. "It has an emotional draw that serves as a beacon
for the Chrysler brand without regard to gender, age, education or income."
The prospective customer
is defined by their attitude and self-perception rather than quantified demographics.
Early indications are that they will want to personalise the PT Cruiser with
their identity, confidence and passion. They are adventurous in their hobbies
and travel and enjoy being the first on the block with the latest technology.
In the US, potential customers often view themselves as the ‘social chairperson’
and are not afraid of going their own way. Recent research groups in Australia
have proved this attitude to be similar in our own market.
"Everyone sees this
vehicle differently because they project their personal philosophy to define
PT Cruiser on their own terms," said Liebler. "The PT Cruiser can
be whatever the individual owner wants it to be and fits any lifestyle."
With its uniqueness and exceedingly apparent brand building potential, the PT
Cruiser adds a new dimension to the Chrysler brand.
While Chrysler PT Cruiser
was developed to meet vehicle requirements around the world, research shows
its combination of American design and packaging is what appeals to people in
every country. Potential owners may have a greater desire to stand out in a
crowd and be more independent.
"With a personality
that transcends cultural differences, the Chrysler PT Cruiser is unlike anything
on the road today," said Levine.
Chrysler PT Cruiser Advertising
From the beginning, the
all new Chrysler PT Cruiser was designed to be sold around the world. So it’s
only natural to design the advertising with an international flair for worldwide
appeal.
"The Chrysler PT Cruiser
dramatically changes the profile of the Chrysler brand by expanding the breadth
of its product line and the presence of the brand internationally," said
A. C. (Bud) Liebler, Senior Vice President of Marketing, DaimlerChrysler. "this
vehicle gave us the opportunity to create a consistent tone and message for
the Chrysler brand around the world."
The advertising sets a contemporary
tone for the Chrysler brand with the intent to attract new buyers into the Chrysler
showroom.
PT Cruiser’s presence in
the market is already evident, with interest expressed from more than potential
customers. Since the first showing of the PT Cruiser, Chrysler began fostering
a relationship with a growing group of consumers who couldn’t get enough information
about this segment-busting vehicle.
"The emotional draw
of the PT Cruiser gave us the unique opportunity to build a relationship with
people before the first one even went on sale," said Kuhnie.
For months the Chrysler
brand also has been communicating with consumers through e-mail and direct mail.
Interested consumers received a series of fun and informative pieces that included
product details on the exterior design, interior functionality, colour choices
and technical information.
PRODUCT
Exterior Design
One of the goals met by
the PT Cruiser was to provide a vehicle that would keep the overall exterior
length of a small car to address global market needs - another Chrysler group
maxim - yet provide the space and function of a larger vehicle.
We kept the overall exterior
length of a small car, yet provided the inside space of a much larger vehicle
by paying close attention to packaging, and providing a command-of-the-road
feel for the driver," said Larry Lyons, Vice President, Small Car Platform
Engineering.
"Once we settled on
an initial design, there were folks that absolutely loved PT Cruiser when they
saw it," said Bryan Nesbitt, Chrysler PT Cruiser exterior designer. "There
were others that didn’t like it all but, after taking some time to soak with
it, fell for it as well."
"The exterior is such
a significant departure from anything on the market," said Dan Knott, Director,
Vehicle Development, Small Car Platform Engineering. "Because the design
is so unique, we used CATIA and VR from the beginning to yield higher quality
vehicles right from the start. For example, packaging issues were much easier
to resolve on screen prior to building actual parts."
The large fenders provide
one of the key nostalgic elements of the vehicle, bringing back positive memories
of classic designs from the 1930s and 1940s. This is further emphasised through
the flared sills, evocative of running boards seen on cars from that era.
"The PT Cruiser means
a variety of things to everyone who sees it, whether it’s a certain era, image
or need," Nesbitt said. "You can’t avoid its retro-yet-still-contemporary
cues. But, with that, there is a feeling of durability and toughness with a
stance that resembles a bulldog."
The design imperative "form
follows function" establishes a new standard, combining emotional and reactional
consumer needs. The unique proportions of the fenders, roofline and high beltline
accented by three side windows create the distinctive side profile of PT Cruiser.
The roof rises toward the
rear for both aesthetic and functional reasons. The slant of the roofline gives
the vehicle its "hot rod" posture, or attitude. The practical benefit
result of this design is more head room for rear passengers as well as increased
cargo space. The proportions of body-side sheet metal and side glass communicate
a visual strength and lower overall appearance. The blacked out B- and C-pillars
blend with the window graphics enhancing the visual proportion of the vehicle.
"The vehicle stance
suggests both confidence and durability," said Nesbitt. "However,
there is a level of refinement through the Chrysler brand design signature of
ornamentation such as chrome door handles, winged badges and chrome wheels.
The PT Cruiser reveals inspired refinement."
The body is inset from the
wheels and fenders, giving the PT Cruiser a "wheels to the corner"
stance and proportion. This enhances stability and encourages superb handling
characteristics. The front fenders are wrapped tightly around the wheels and
draw away from the hood, causing the wheels to appear larger, while the fenders
appear lower and wider. The head lamps were designed as close to the front wheels
as possible, making the vehicle appear smaller by reducing the front overhang.
The headlamp design and pronounced grille give the vehicle a face of reliance
and strength.
In the rear, PT Cruiser
has an aggressive slant to its hatchback profile, giving the entire vehicle
a look of forward motion and direction. Bullet-shaped tail lamps complete the
reflection of unbridled American design, past and present. The Chrysler winged
medallion is featured prominently on the front, and is also incorporated into
the rear door latch as a final exclamation to the unconventional soul of the
Chrysler brand.
"PT Cruiser has a distinct
personality that envelops a variety of eras," Gale said. "I may see
one era, someone may see something else, but one thing is certain - everyone
who sees it has an extremely emotional response to PT Cruiser.
Interior Design
"It’s the exterior
of the Chrysler PT Cruiser that gets the obvious first notice and gawks on the
road," said Lyons. "However, the element that closes the deal in the
minds of those who see it is the incredible functionality that comes from its
innovative interior".
The seating, for example,
can quickly transform the PT Cruiser from a one-passenger to a five-passenger
vehicle in a matter of moments with foldable, removable rear seats. In all,
more that 25 configurations of the seats are possible, making PT Cruiser truly
a "personalised transport" vehicle.
In addition, the attention
to detail is apparent. "We have applied a circular theme to the interior
that allows it to be elegant in its simplicity," said Jeffrey Godshall,
Chief Interior Designer. PT Cruiser features easy-to-road round analog gauges
with chrome .. panel and dashboard material that matches the vehicle’s exterior
colour.
"Inside and out, you
can’t escape the uniqueness of the PT Cruiser," Godshall said. "It
is a vehicle with purpose, practicality and unmatched style. Most importantly,
you’re only limited by your imagination."
Ride & Handling
The five-speed manual transmission
has ratios spaced to deliver optimum performance and fuel efficiency. The reverse
gear includes a brake that stops the gear rotation for easy engagement. To improve
durability with higher torque output, the five-speed manual transmission was
upgraded with a stiffer input shaft, wider gear faces and improved bearings.
The optional four-speed
automatic features wide-spaced gear ratios that contribute to brisk acceleration
and smooth highway cruising, along with high fuel efficiency. The transmission
uses new final drive gearing to optimise performance and efficiency. Features
of this system include electronic, fully adaptive shifting, improved torque
management for quick shifts and interactive speed control and engine and transmission
controllers that provide control in hilly terrain.
To make cruising even more
enjoyable, the PT Cruiser’s suspension mounting, body structure stiffness and
suspension calibrations are tuned to minimise noise, vibration and harshness,
and body lean. The MacPherson strut front suspension features a high-roll centre
that contributes to responsive steering while reducing body lean during brisk
cornering. Low-lean geometry achieves the desired suspension handling performance.
A stiff front suspension cross member attaches the front suspension to the body
structure and supports the steering gear.
"Stiffness, which results
in a high natural vibration frequency, helps limit the transmission of road
noise and engine vibration to the interior," said Dan Knott, director,
Vehicle Development Small Car Platform Engineering.
Also contributing to the
solid ride and handling characteristics is the rigid support of the PT Cruiser’s
body structure.
"The PT Cruiser’s body
serves a number of purposes for us," said Ernie Laginess, Director, Body
Engineering, Small Car Platform Engineering. "First, the high-strength
steel assures durability and rigidity for a stable ride and handling. The durability
provides a safety element. And, the bending and torsional characteristics allow
us to meet our aggressive performance criteria for noise, vibration and harshness
control."
Body structure bending and
natural torsional frequencies or vibrations are separated from steering column,
powertrain and suspension input frequencies to enhance strength and soundness.
The transmission of natural noise and vibration are reduced at each one of the
47 points between the body and these systems. Tuning each local area individually
to separate its natural frequency form the input largely eliminates noise and
vibration paths to the passenger compartment.
The tightly sealed body
shell lowers wind and road noise as well, resulting in quiet ride through all
driving ranges. This is achieved through precise dimensional control of door
and liftgate openings and their sealing systems and through attention to detail
on sealing body seams and other openings.
"The handling and stability
of the PT Cruiser is very impressive to begin with," Laginess said. "But,
having a quiet ride makes cruising in the PT Cruiser an added bonus."
VERSATILITY
Research conducted during
the early stages of the PT Cruiser program confirmed that a large, flexible
interior was important to consumers. A newly designed Watts linkage rear suspension
system permitted the interior wheel wells to be moved outward, greatly increasing
cargo space and functionality.
"The PT Cruiser’s interior
aesthetics fulfill the promise of its exterior design, while adding a new level
of function for people with active lifestyles," Godshall said.
"The PT Cruiser blends
innovative features and packaging to create a vehicle that has one of the most
sophisticated and flexible interior designs regardless of size," Godshall
said.
PT Cruiser’s ability to
carry everything from five passengers to kitchen appliances - or the proverbial
kitchen sink - stems from its versatile seating system. This flexibility is
the result of a seating system that can be configured into more than 25 positions
to accommodate practically any combination of passengers and cargo.
The Chrysler PT Cruiser
is one of the most functional vehicles of its size or type for carrying a mix
of passengers and cargo. Folding, tumbling and removing either or both portions
of the rear seat and folding the front passenger seat provide numerous configurations.
That’s what sets the PT
Cruiser apart from the crowd: a cool, emotion-inducing exterior with a practical
interior of unprecendented proportions."
A multi-position, removable
shelf panel that can be placed at the same height as the folded rear seat backs
provides an extended load-carrying surface. An optional front passenger seat
that folds flat at the same height as the folded rear seat backs gives the PT
Cruiser the ability to carry objects up to eight-feet long with the liftgate
closed.
The team even carried their
thinking outside the vehicle, equipping the removable split rear seats with
sturdy lift handles and rollers for easier removal and storage. The result is
one of the most versatile vehicle interiors in the world today.
Limousine-like head room
and leg room, along with an exceptional shoulder room, allow occupants the luxury
of comfort while providing an outstanding command-of-the-road seating position.
Placement of the instrument panel, steering wheel, pedals and seats gives the
PT Cruiser one of the best ingress/egress of any vehicle on the market. This
allows most occupants to slide directly into the seats without stepping up or
bending down.
Using virtual reality technology,
engineers were able to place roof pillars to maximise outward visibility and
spaciousness. In addition, this technology was used to achieve the optimum ergonomics
for the instrument panel-mounted controls, the shifter, armrests, power window
controls, the door release lever and door-mounted switches.
The front bucket seats are
manually adjustable, reclining with a two-way adjustable, locking head restraint
standard on all models. Available is a front passenger seat that folds flat,
extending the cargo loading area all the way forward to the instrument panel.
When folded, the front seat back is the same height as the folded rear seats,
providing a level loading floor from front to rear.
PT Cruiser’s spacious rear
seats easily accommodate occupants who are well over six-feet tall. Among DaimlerChrysler
vehicles, rear seat head room is only exceeded by the Company’s minivan models.
"Years from now, when
people talk about this vehicle, there is no doubt the exterior will be listed
as the attention grabber, "Edson said. "But, through some outstanding
innovation and teamwork, PT Cruiser also has one of the innovative and versatile
interiors of any vehicle imaginable with a spectrum of functions offering anything
from the comfort and safety of five-passenger seating to the utility of a small
cargo van or truck."
SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT
However, one of PT Cruiser’s
main attributes is its ability to combine these classic cues with a very high
level of modern-day safety and environmental responsibility.
While the Chrysler PT Cruiser
is already drawing rave reviews for its cool design and unmatched interior versatility,
company engineers paid close attention to occupant safety, both in active and
passive areas.
In any vehicle, the primary
safety system is a properly used safety belt. The PT Cruiser is the first DaimlerChrysler
vehicle with a three-point centre rear belt system. The retractor is concealed
in the seat back and the webbing exits through a slot at the top of the back.
The latch that holds the
seat back in the upright position also supports the shoulder belt loads. Tie-down
loops for child seat tethers mount on the seat back behind each seating position.
Tethers included with aftermarket child safety seats supplement the seat belts
in restraining the seats.
A next-generation driver
air bag works with the steering column, telescoping column coupling and instrument
panel knee bolster to provide supplemental restraint in frontal impacts. New
technology and unique frontal impact design allows the driver air bag to mount
beneath the small, circular steering wheel trim cover and to be more compact.
The next-generation passenger
air bag includes a hybrid inflator that uses a small amount of pyrotechnic propellant
to release and heat compressed inert gas stored in a high-pressure cylinder.
Supplemental side air bags are included with optional leather-trimmed seats,
but otherwise are a stand-alone option, since PT Cruiser meets all side impact
regulations without them.
A fully deployed side air
bag covers an area about 15 x 26 inches (380 x 660mm). When the bag deploys,
it opens the seam between the front and side of the seat trim cover.
The PT Cruiser body structure
also provides a high level of impact protection. For example, a unique traverse
beam connects the centre pillars and ties into the floor plan at the centre
tunnel. The beam contributes to side-impact protection and increases body stiffness.
Placed directly in line with side impact loads, it helps protect occupants during
side-impact collision. A longitudinal beam in each front door helps distribute
crash energy to the centre pillar, where a die-cast zinc alloy extension attached
to the centre pillar accepts the load.
The PT Cruiser structure
also is reinforced from front to back - in the doors, along the floor pan "tunnel",
in the sills and in the windshield pillars - to help dissipate the energy generated
in a frontal crash. Chrysler engineers also reinforced the front wheel wells
so more of the force from a frontal crash is routed through the tires to the
sills - and less targets the passenger compartment.
In addition, the PT Cruiser
features refinements of the welded joints securing the centre pillars, sills
and roof rails to increase stiffness and decrease twisting under impact. Its
5mph bumper uses high-strength steel beams and high-density structural foam
to protect against visible damage in low-speed collisions.
The PT Cruiser has been
engineered and tested to stringent durability standards and meets or exceeds
US, European and Australian frontal, side, rear and offset crash regulations
as well as roof crush criteria.
Other key safety features on
the 2001 Chrysler PT Cruiser include:
- A clever feature to
prevent children from being trapped in the rear compartment. The forward corners
of the shelf panel atop the rear compartment are notched so little hands can
reach the buttons that recline the rear seat.
- A higher seating position
that improves the driver’s view of the road
- Best-in-class lighting
from quad halogen-bulb headlamps
- Optional heated exterior
mirrors
- Shoulder belts in every
seating position, including the rear centre seat
- Optional seat-mounted
side air bags for supplemental head and thorax protection, along with standard
front air bags in the driver and front passenger positions
- Universal anchor attachments
and cinching latch plates to better secure child seats
- A seat belt system equipped
with pre-tensioners and constant force retractors that hold occupants securely
while limiting the force the belt applies to the upper body
- An Accident Response
Illumination system which turns on the interior dome lamp and unlocks power
doors when the air bag deploys to help emergency personnel render assistance.
- DaimlerChrysler’s Sentry
Key Theft Deterrent system, which includes remote keyless entry and a panic
alarm
- Child-proof locks on
the backseat doors.
DaimlerChrysler’s Sentry
key Theft Deterrent System is included with Australian equipment. It includes
two keys that operate the system and deter vehicle theft by making it impossible
to start the engine without the owner’s key.
"In addition to the
vehicle’s obvious design heritage, there are numerous innovations in the PT
Cruiser," said Walt Battle, Director, Program Management, Small Car Platform.
"Ironically, the innovation involved in everything from its design to the
new environmentally friendly technology make this vehicle a very futuristic
product as well".
Engines feature a new catalytic
converter technology in combination with DaimlerChrysler’s existing emission
control technology to help exceed regulations for pollutant output.
Similar to the processes
in the plant, DaimlerChrysler engineering, design and management teams were
required to use innovative methods to transform the dream of PT Cruiser into
reality. "there’s no question that PT Cruiser’s design brought challenges
to the engineering and programming staff" said Dan Knott, director, Vehicle
Development, Small Car Platform Engineering."We all loved the mold-breaking
design, but had to come up with equally unique ways on the engineering side
while holding true to the product and process efficiencies from a program management
perspective."
Virtual Reality (VR) allowed
all members of the development team to evaluate three-dimensional product designs
in a computer environment. The ability to simulate the interaction of people
within the vehicle - prior to an actual model ever being built - was efficient
and cost effective. Engineers and designers learned that VR provides a fast
and useful tool for evaluating product designs and functions.
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS
Chrysler PT Cruiser Features:
CLASSIC FEATURES
- DRIVER
AND PASSENGER AIRBAGS
- AIR-CONDITIONING
- ABS
BRAKES
- POWER
DOOR LOCKS WITH REMOTE KEYLESS ENTRY
- POWER
MIRRORS
- POWER
WINDOWS WITH ONE-TOUCH DOWN
- RADIO/CASSETTE/CD
PLAYER
- SIX
SPEAKERS
- LOW-SPEED
TRACTION CONTROL
- INTEGRATED
OVERHEAD CONSOLE
- FLOOR
MATS
- THREE-POINT
SEATBELTS
- 195/65R15
TYRES
- OPTIONAL
SIDE AIRBAGS
- 65/35
SPLIT, FOLD, TUMBLE & REMOVABLE REAR SEAT
- MULTI-POSITION
REAR SHELF
- CARGO
AREA NET
- FULL
LENGTH FLOOR CONSOLE
- CHROME
EXTERIOR DOOR HANDLES
- CHILD-PROTECTION
REAR DOOR LOCKS
- SPEED
SENSITIVE "ROLLING" DOOR LOCKS
- DYNAMIC
SIDE-IMPACT INTRUSION PROTECTION
- HEADLIGHT
LEVELLING
- ELECTRIC
DRIVER’S SEAT HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT
LIMITED FEATURES
IN ADDITION TO OR REPLACING
CLASSIC FEATURES
- FRONT
SIDE AIRBAGS
- CHROME
16-INCH WHEELS
- 205/55R16
TYRES
- LEATHER/SUEDE
UPHOLSTERY
- FRONT
FOG LIGHTS
- OVERHEAD
CONSOLE
- LEATHER
WRAPPED STEERING WHEEL
- OPTIONAL
MOONROOF
Chrysler PT Cruiser Specifications:
ENGINE
| Type |
Four
Cylinder in-line, liquid cooled, belt-driven DOHC, 16 valves |
| Displacement |
1995
cc |
| Bore
x Stroke |
87.5
x 83 mm |
| Fuel
Injection |
Sequential
multi-port, electronic, returnless |
| Construction |
Cast
iron block, alloy head, structural alloy oil pan |
| Comp
ratio |
9.6:1 |
| Power |
104
kW at 5600 rpm |
| Torque |
186
Nm at 4400 rpm |
TRANSMISSION
Manual Five
Speed
| 1st |
3.50
|
| 2nd |
1.96
|
| 3rd |
1.36
|
| 4th |
0.971
|
| 5th |
0.811
|
| Reverse |
3.42
|
| Final
Drive |
3.94
|
Four-speed Automatic
| 1st |
2.84
|
| 2nd |
1.57
|
| 3rd |
1.00
|
| 4th |
0.69
|
| Final
Drive |
4.07
|
DIMENSIONS
AND CAPACITIES
| Wheelbase |
2616
mm
|
| Track front |
1481
mm
|
| Track
Rear |
1478
mm
|
| Overall
length |
4288
mm
|
| Overall
Width |
1705
mm
|
| Overall
Height |
1601
mm
|
| Curb
Weight (est) |
1412
kg
|
| Drag
Coefficient |
0.398
|
| Fuel
Tank Capacity |
57
litres
|
| Payload |
392
kg
|
SUSPENSION
| Front |
MacPherson struts,
assymetrical lower control arms, coil springs, link-type
stabiliser bar.
|
| Rear |
Trailing arms, twist
beam axle with integral tubular stabiliser bar, Watt’s
linkage, coil springs, gas-charged dampers.
|
STEERING
| Type: |
Power-assisted
rack and pinion |
| Overall
ratio |
18:1 |
| Turning
Diameter |
11.1
metres
(with standard tyres and manual transmission)
12.1
metres
(with 16-inch tyres and automatic transmission)
|
WHEELS
AND TYRES
| Wheels
(Classic) |
15x5
inch steel |
| Wheels
(Limited) |
16x6
inch cast aluminium |
| Tyres
(Classic) |
195/65HR15 |
| Tyres
(Limited) |
205/55HR16 |
BRAKES
| Type
(all models) |
Four-wheel
discs with ABS |
| Front |
278x23
mm vented disc with singe piston sliding caliper. |
| Swept
area |
556
sq. cm |
| Rear |
269x9
mm solid disc with single piston sliding caliper |
| Swept
area |
1119
sq cm |
DaimlerChrysler’s Sentry
Key Theft Deterrent System is included with Australian equipment. It includes
two keys that operate the system and deter vehicle theft by making it impossible
to start the engine without the owner’s key.
"In addition to the
vehicle’s obvious design heritage, there are numerous innovations in the PT
Cruiser," said Walt Battle, Director, Program Management, Small Car Platform.
"Ironically, the innovation involved in everything from its design to the
new environmentally friendly technology make this vehicle a very futuristic
product as well".
Engines feature a new catalytic
converter technology in combination with DaimlerChrysler’s existing emission
control technology to help exceed regulations for pollutant output.
Similar to the processes
in the plant, DaimlerChrysler engineering, design and management teams were
required to use innovative methods to transform the dream of PT Cruiser into
reality. "there’s no question that PT Cruiser’s design brought challenges
to the engineering and programming staff" said Dan Knott, director, Vehicle
Development, Small Car Platform Engineering. "We all loved the mould-breaking
design, but had to come up with equally unique ways on the engineering side
while holding true to the product and process efficiencies from a program management
perspective."
Virtual Reality (VR) allowed
all members of the development team to evaluate three-dimensional product designs
in a computer environment. The ability to simulate the interaction of people
within the vehicle - prior to an actual model ever being built - was efficient
and cost effective. Engineers and designers learned that VR provides a fast
and useful tool for evaluating product designs and functions.
|